Document Details

Document Type : Article In Journal 
Document Title :
Governing processes for reactive nitrogen compounds in the European atmosphere
عمليات التحكم في مركبات النيتروجين النشط في الأجواء الأوروبية
 
Subject : Enviromental sciences 
Document Language : English 
Abstract : Reactive nitrogen (N(r)) compounds have different fates in the atmosphere due to differences in the governing processes of physical transport, deposition and chemical transformation. N(r) compounds addressed here include reduced nitrogen (NH(x): ammonia (NH(3)) and its reaction product ammonium (NH(4)(+))), oxidized nitrogen (NO(y): nitrogen monoxide (NO) + nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and their reaction products) as well as organic nitrogen compounds (organic N). Pollution abatement strategies need to take into account the differences in the governing processes of these compounds when assessing their impact on ecosystem services, biodiversity, human health and climate. NO(x) (NO+NO(2)) emitted from traffic affects human health in urban areas where the presence of buildings increases the residence time in streets. In urban areas this leads to enhanced exposure of the population to NO(x) concentrations. NO(x) emissions generally have little impact on nearby ecosystems because of the small dry deposition rates of NO(x). These compounds need to be converted into nitric acid (HNO(3)) before removal through deposition is efficient. HNO(3) sticks quickly to any surface and is thereby either dry deposited or incorporated into aerosols as nitrate (NO(3)(-)). In contrast to NO(x) compounds, NH(3) has potentially high impacts on ecosystems near the main agricultural sources of NH(3) because of its large ground-level concentrations along with large dry deposition rates. Aerosol phase NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) contribute significantly to background PM(2.5) and PM(10) (mass of aerosols with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 and 10 mu m, respectively) with an impact on radiation balance as well as potentially on human health. Little is known quantitatively and qualitatively about organic N in the atmosphere, other than that it contributes a significant fraction of wet-deposited N, and is present in both gaseous and particulate forms. Further studies are needed to characterise the sources, air chemistry and removal rates of organic N emissions. 
ISSN : 1726-4170 
Journal Name : BIOGEOSCIENCES 
Volume : 9 
Issue Number : 12 
Publishing Year : 1433 AH
2012 AD 
Article Type : Article 
Added Date : Tuesday, June 4, 2013 

Researchers

Researcher Name (Arabic)Researcher Name (English)Researcher TypeDr GradeEmail
O. HertelHertel, O. Researcher ole.hertel@dmu.dk
C. A SkjothSkjoth, C. A Researcher  
S ReisReis, S Researcher  
A. BleekerBleeker, A. Researcher  
R. M HarrisonHarrison, R. M Researcher  
J. N CapeCape, J. N Researcher  
D. FowlerFowler, D. Researcher  
U SkibaSkiba, U Researcher  
D SimpsonSimpson, D Researcher  
T. JickellsJickells, T. Researcher  
M. KulmalaKulmala, M. Researcher  
S GyldenkaerneGyldenkaerne, S Researcher  
L. L SorensenSorensen, L. L Researcher  
J. W ErismanErisman, J. W Researcher  
MA SuttonSutton, MA Researcher  

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