Document Details
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Document Type |
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Thesis |
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Document Title |
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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF POLLUTED WATER AND SOIL DUE TO SEWAGE WATER AT URANAH, SOUTH EAST MAKKAH التقييم الجيوبيئي لتلوث المياه والتربة الناتجة من الصرف الصحي في وادي عرنة في الجنوب الغربي لمكة المكرمة |
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Subject |
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Faculty of Earth Sciences - Geology Engineering |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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The main objective of this research is to study and assess the geoenvironmental impacts resulting from the discharge of sewage water of Makkah along the mid and down stream of Wadi Uranah starting from Al-kaakiah district in Makkah, till the outlet of the channel on the Red Sea through the focusing on the study of their impact on soil, sewage channel and groundwater
This study had included several scientific studies, such as the geological, climate, engineering geology of the soil, geophysical, hydro geological of the basin of Wadi Uranah. Also the study includes the evaluation of the performance and efficiency of the treatment plant in the studied area.
The field study includes collecting water samples from drainage channel and the surrounding wells, samples for polluted soils from the channel and non-polluted soils from areas near the channel also were collected. Maps were prepared that are showing the drainage network.
The geological study approved that the excess amount of toxic elements and pollutant came from sewage sources.
The geophysical studies approved that the faults had occurred after the sediments of the Wadi in the Quaternary period. This geologic formation has reflected to destabilize the soil and make it fragile, which helped in the spread of sewage easily, especially in the rear across the fragile soils, fissures and faults.
The geophysical studies showed that the soil around the drainage channel is rich in magnetic minerals.
The necessary maps had been made for the results of geological and geophysical studies.
Recommendations were prepared to reduce the risk of sewage on the quality of groundwater in the area, as well as to determine the proportion of soil contamination in the Wadi, the rates of chemical pollutants, toxic elements.
The assessment of the impact of sewage water on the environment of Wadi Uranah can be considered one of the objectives of this study for its content of elements concentrations, chemical contaminants, biological waste from the domestic and industrial. Also it contains microbes, viruses and bacteria from human waste that increase significantly during Umra and Hajj.
It has been found that the collected clay in the channel is originally made up of polluted remnants of organic materials. The polluted soil samples tend of to the sub-acidic and contain high concentrations of salts. Also it has been found that the soil of the drainage channel is chemically polluted as it contains high levels of concentrations of pollutants such as nitrates, phosphates, ammonia and sulfate compared with natural soils of the Wadi as well as the presence of high concentrations of the toxic hazardous heavy metals, such as zinc, manganese, copper, nickel, chromium, lead, cadmium, arsenic, fluorine and mercury, which lead to contamination of groundwater and surface water during rainy seasons, as well as contamination of plants and crops in the region.
The results of chemical analysis of the groundwater from the wells in the basin of Wadi Uranah where sewage channel runs indicates that the water wells is chemically polluted as it contain high levels of concentrations of chemical pollutants such as ammonia and phosphate and sulfate and hydrogen sulfide. Also it has been found that the wells water near the sewage channel are containing high levels of concentrations of the dangerous toxic heavy elements, such as zinc, manganese, copper, nickel and lead, which may also lead to the contamination of plants and crops in the region, which absorb the toxic elements in the irrigation water and deposit it in the plants and thus affect the health of humans and animals. The groundwater and surface water at the down stream of Wadi Uranah basin are considered biologically polluted as it contain a quantity of vital oxygen requirement that exceeds the allowable limit of the local and international specifications.
It has been found that the sewage channel (that is flowing from the treatment plant at Al-kaakiah) is biologically polluted when comparing their results with the allowable values of local Saudi and international specifications for irrigation and drinking water.
No relationship obtained between neither polluted soil nor non-polluted soils with water samples from the sewage channel, or even between polluted soil and non-polluted soil (very weak correlation coefficient). |
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Supervisor |
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Prof. ABBAS AIFAN QUHAIDI AL-HARTHI |
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Thesis Type |
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Doctorate Thesis |
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Publishing Year |
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1432 AH
2011 AD |
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Added Date |
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Wednesday, October 26, 2011 |
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Researchers
| عبدالاله احمد باهبري | BAHABRI, ABDUALELAH AHMED | Researcher | Doctorate | |
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